ABSTRACT
This
Proposal which is focus on the design and construction of automatic changeover
switch that can switch ON Generator and
to the connected load at the failure of Normal Power supply and disconnects the
loads rom the alternative Power supply and switch OFF the Generator after
delaying for about 10 seconds to 12 seconds. When the Normal Power is restored,
The Generator kicks IN within 2 seconds and delays for about 10-12 seconds before
connecting the loads. The delay process is achieved using IC 555 timer or
Darlington coupling of Transistors, as the controller unit and other Electronic
parameters. The design has the following Modules and sub-modules as stated
thus: Power supply unit, Rectification, Regulated DC supply, Phase Selection,
Indicators .
INTRODUCTION
The
Invention of Electricity and its advancements in the fields of Electrical Engineering has
made Electrical Energy so vast in its applications and usage. A modern
house today cannot be said to be one if it has no use for Electricity. This is
because most of the items required for making life fit and comfortable in the
Homes functions with Electricity. Electrical appliances like water heaters,
radios, televisions, fans and water pumps, etc all have absolute need for
Electricity.
Unfortunately,
though the poor availability of public UTILITY POWER SUPPLY in Nigeria has pushed
her citizens to seek alternatives and independent means of Electricity, this
has resulted in Individuals buying wind turbines, solar Panels, generating set
and so on. Unavoidably, this requires careful selection of the one to be ON to
their use-alternative power or public utility. This selection is usually performed
manually by human intervention. But this study seek to design an Automatic
switching device that will performs the selection from the public utility at
its failure to the alternative supply within 5-10 seconds without human
intervention and errors
1.1
MOTIVATION FOR EMBARKING ON THIS STUDY
From
various surveys, it is generally noticed that inhdustries are vulnerable to long
and short interruptions that are considered as “Reliability issues” in the
power system analysis. And the use of manual change over switch which is
technically called ‘Switch Disconnector’ has become a major problem due to its
greatest delays. Thus when the power is reconnected, someone has to put OFF the
generator and then change over the source line from generator to the public
supply. And during this operation, human fault often occurs due to inaccuracy and
delays which often caused Electrical accident, such as burnt, injury and even
death. This makes Emmitecknik global Limited to fast think to eliminate stress and
come up with the new invention of Timer incorporated automatic Switch
Disconnector.
1.2
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The
specific objectives of this study are to solve the shortfalls associated with power
supply changeover switches available in the markets.
(a):
Change over delays and chattering which can cause fire, inability to detect and
changeover at low voltage is overcome in this design;
(b): To
design and construct a changeover switch that can switch loads from the mains
power supply (PHCN) to a back-up power supply (Generator set, solar) with
simplicity;
©:
Introduce a circuitry with phase selection module and delays the input power
until stability is obtained before connecting the loads to the mains supply and
switch OFF the alternative power supply after 5-10 seconds.
1.3.
THE SCOPE OF THIS STUDY
The scope of this study seeks to
look at how changeover switches affect the end users of Electricity (consumers
of Electricity) and to come out with a simple device to protect consumers from
these effects. This study shall be extended to the following innovations:
1.
Design a changeover switch to monitor
phase failure, Line drop, frequency, overvoltage, under-voltage and voltage
surge;
2.
Design a changeover switch that will
check the oil level and fuel level, and maintenance status of the generator.
Further
studies are in progress, but in this proposal the study is only limited to the
design of automatic changeover switch with phase selection and generator
control.
NOTE: To get the complete write of this project,
Contact Emmanuel Ignatius Eshiet
Pay in #5,000 naira only to
3014251138 @ First Bank Nig Plc and send the Teller No to 07089216858
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